EFFECTS OF SELECTION PROCESS ON LABOUR TURNOVER AND PRODUCTIVITY OF EMPLOYEES

EFFECTS OF SELECTION PROCESS ON LABOUR TURNOVER AND PRODUCTIVITY OF EMPLOYEES (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY PLC, 9TH MILE ENUGU)
 
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTON
1.1    BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Every organization has human resources as part of its resources. The organization cannot function without people working together and whenever people work together, the personnel management function must be performed and executed. Other resources may include physical, financial and informational. However, the most vital among all these  resources seems to be the human element.
The human resources is the concern of personnel management. Personnel management deals with the bringing of a person into an organization, his behaviour in the work situation, his interests and relation-ship both with his fellow workers and the organization. It is the series of management activities, which procures personnel for the organization to achieve effectives performance towards organizational growth.
Therefore this human element does not just come, they are recruited based on qualification.  Recruitment is an of the process of staffing in an organization. It is also concerned with developing    a pool of job candidate in line with the human resources plan. In this case, candidates are usually located through newspapers and professional journal advertisements, employment agencies and visits campus. It comes immediately after human resources planning. Recruitment seen as that process of assessing a job, announcing the vacancy, arousing interest and stimulating people to apply.
In recruitment, there is general one is the most  appropriate for operative employees, which takes place if the organization needs a group of workers of a certain  type, example is typists or sales people.  Another one is specialized recruiting, which is   used mainly for executives or specialists, occurs when the organization desires s particular. In this , candidates receive individual  attention over an extended  period of time.  The process of recruitment must be centered in one place and in the hands of one person or group.  Only in this way can there be a sufficient concentration of exercise, knowledge and record to provide the possibility of efficiency in service both to applicants and to the organization.
While selection is the process that leads the firm to choose from a list of applicant. The person or persons who will  match the selection criteria or the vacant post with consideration of current environmental conditions is given the job. Application forms, resumes, interviews and reference checks are commonly used selection goals. The application form serves three purposes in selection. They are:
-  Show that the applicant desires a position.
-  Provides the interviewer with the basic information needed to conduct the interview.
-  It becomes part of the organization’s information if hired.
Selection process is a matter of satisfying a company’s present needs. It is an activity which  influences the shape of a company’s  future health and its cumulative results predetermine the future health of the enterprise. Selection process especially at high level is no longer a question of trying to fill a closely defined slot but, as Plumbley  (1976: 38)  matching process between the capacities and inclination of the candidates and the demands inherent in a given job or career pattern.
Furthermore, the history of Nigerian Bottling company (NBC) dates to forty (40)  years  ago. The company which has made phenomenal process, tapped its first soft drink production with the world’s most popular beverage called coca-cola. At this time, only few plants were established in the country.  This Nigerian bottling company (NBC) was in the town of Atlanta in Georgia  United state of America (U.S.A) in the year 1886 that a man named Dr .John Styth the Pemberton, a pharmacist first initiated the plans for the world’s best soft drink. Having  succeeded in brewing the drink a man named Frank  M. Robinson – Dr. Pemberton’s partner and book-keeper designed the flowing distinguishing trade mark and gave coca –cola its name.
Following this  remarkable feat achieved by Dr. Pemberton, many countries in every part of the globe who have heard of the this drink began to have vicious desire taste  made of this drink. This was also made possible through Dr. Pemberton’s  advertising and marketing activities. However,  this coca-cola came into Nigeria in the year 1953. this was when the Nigerian  Bottling company opened it s first plant in Lagos.  Following the uncontrollable demand for its product in Nigeria, the Nigerian bottling company, in a bid to reach the nook and cranny of Nigeria  had to  have several depots (branches).
Presently,  in Nigeria the company operates in areas such as Akwa, Abakaliki, Nsukka, Ikon and 9th mile corner Enugu etc. The products include: Fanta  soda,  sprite, Krest,  or Bitter lemon, Fanta orange, Fanta Ginger ale, Fanta  tonic,Evatable-water  and coca-cola  coke etc. Moreover,  these establishment that mentioned above were made again in areas like Benin, Lagos, Port-Harcourt  in September  1962,.
The company started  production capacity  was 350,000  hector per annum, but now, the capacity has hit about two million hector stride taken by the company within this period, the Board of Directors and management hope that you as an employees of the company will contribute your quota in insuring its continued growth and development. Finally, as Yoder (1976) observed staffing as a process that begins with the determination of man-power needs for the organization and  ends  with the inventors of capabilities, recruitment, selection, placement  and orientation.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Selection and recruitment is a step in management development, which  help  fundamentally to find  and  attract potential employees who it successful, eventually fill  vacant positions. In management, professionalism developed states of selection and recruitment when employed in conjunction with other tools of personnel assessment, as well as complimenting input of sound job design programme may significantly facilitate the development and maintenance of efficient  work force and indeed, the utilization and conservation  of human resources. In fact,  in a firm’s working life, abundant evidence clearly prove that these tests, all thing being equal are creditable  predictors of employee’s job performance. However, the Nigerian societal immorality and political influences have created discrepancies in selection procedures through such vices as favouritism, tribalism and nepotism. These are problems arising from vague description of job by these personnel management.  Because of these problems, the needs for a close up examination of the whole selection process on labour turn-over in Nigerian Bottling  company Plc 9th mile Corner Enugu becomes inevitable.
1.2   OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
1.  To  determine the effect of labour turn- over and productivity and how to alleviate them.
2.  To ascertain the extent of which the company’s ownership structure with its attendant  bureaucratic red  tape on the selection of labourers in the company.
3.  To identify  means by which selection process on labour   turn- over can be improved in the company.
4.  To identify possible solutions.
1.4    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research will benefit the readers and also future researchers and students who will love the opportunity to pick this from the library. Other people that will also benefit from work are:
-         organization
-         Researchers
-         Government
The organization will benefit from this work they know the causes of implication of wrong collection process and avoid it. The researcher will gain more knowledge by the time she is through with the whole research work. The government will benefit from this work because they have handle labour turn- over and productivity., of employees.
1.5    RESEARCH QUESTION
1.     Do selection process exist at all in the company’s of today?
2.     What are the causes of wrong selection process?
3.     What causes decline in workers productivity?
4.     What should be done to have the right selection process?
1.6    SCOPE OF THE STUDY
For the purpose of this study, the researcher have chosen one multi- national company in Enugu state; the Nigerian Bottling company 9th mile corner Enugu. The data collected from the public Relation Officer (PRO) in this company written above by the researcher will be used to make a generalized statement of what  is obtainable in selection process on labour turn- over and productivity of employees. The  researcher will also use the findings you draw conclusion on how best managers should handle some factors affecting selection process on labour turn-over in the company.
 
1.6.1    LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
A study of this nature could not be done apparently without some form of involved tasks. The researcher encountered some difficulties like
Financial: The economics situation of our country, Nigeria made the researcher who is dependent to find difficult in raising adequate fund needed for this researcher work.
Time: As a  final year student, the researcher found it difficult to cope with the time allocated to  this research work with other academic activities.
Data gathering: The study implies the  effect of selection process on over and productivity. This  leads to turn- over of employees findings initial problem that  affect labour turn- over.
This was a very difficult task since our  people are too secretive.
The researcher found it difficult to convince the respondent at the initial stage which after several visits and waste of time and money were able to convince the respondents that the work is for academic purpose and the welfare.
 
REFERENCES
Yoder D. (1972) Personnel management and industrial Relation,  Great Britain  prentice Hall,  inc.
Udeze  J. O  (2000) Human Resources management in Nigeria, Hugotez   publication.
Ijeoma  G.Aniemeka (1999) Programmatic Dimension to personnel management, Optimum publishers, Akwa  Anambra  state, Nigeria.