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Format: MS WORD
| Chapters: 1-5
| Pages: 73
Assessment Of The Role Of Gender In Cooperative Development
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background Of The Study
Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women. Gender concept simply refers to the socially-determined and culturally specific differences between women and men as opposed to the biological determined differences. Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary 6th edition sees gender as the fact of being male or female; gender specific issue is connected with women only or with men only. Reeves and Baden (2000) sees gender as the “socially determined ideas and practices of what it is to be female or male; these ideas and practices are sanctioned and reinforced by a host of cultural, political and economic institutions including household, legal and governance structure, markets and religion. Furthermore, gender could also be seen as socio-economic variables which aid the analysis of roles, responsibilities, constraints and opportunities of both men and women.Gender which is commonly used interchangeably with ‘sex’ within the academic fields of cultural studies, gender studies and the social sciences in general; often refers to purely social rather than biological differences, this means that ‘gender roles’ are formed through socialization. Meanwhile, the concept gender is an important analytical tool in the planning management, monitoring and evaluation of development programs or cooperative projects which requires that women are considered in relation to men in a socio-cultural setting and not as an isolated group. Gender roles focus on household and community roles because gender roles are different in any society. This is because in each society there are functions of what women and men of that society are expected to do in their adult life. Since gender roles are formed through socialization, children are socialized to internalize these roles; girls and boys are prepared for their different but specific roles. Gender roles can be defined as the roles that are played by both women and men which are not determined by biological factors but by the socio-economic and cultural environment or situation. Men and women are also characterized by different roles which mean that men take the lead in productive activities, and women in reproductive activities, where the latter include the reproduction of the family and even of society itself. Obviously, women and men’s roles and responsibilities are separate but they complement one another. UNDP (1995) opined that gender is an economic issue as well as a social issue, in fact more so in Africa than in any other Region and that both men and women play substantial economic roles, notably in Agriculture and in the
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background Of The Study
Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women. Gender concept simply refers to the socially-determined and culturally specific differences between women and men as opposed to the biological determined differences. Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary 6th edition sees gender as the fact of being male or female; gender specific issue is connected with women only or with men only. Reeves and Baden (2000) sees gender as the “socially determined ideas and practices of what it is to be female or male; these ideas and practices are sanctioned and reinforced by a host of cultural, political and economic institutions including household, legal and governance structure, markets and religion. Furthermore, gender could also be seen as socio-economic variables which aid the analysis of roles, responsibilities, constraints and opportunities of both men and women.Gender which is commonly used interchangeably with ‘sex’ within the academic fields of cultural studies, gender studies and the social sciences in general; often refers to purely social rather than biological differences, this means that ‘gender roles’ are formed through socialization. Meanwhile, the concept gender is an important analytical tool in the planning management, monitoring and evaluation of development programs or cooperative projects which requires that women are considered in relation to men in a socio-cultural setting and not as an isolated group. Gender roles focus on household and community roles because gender roles are different in any society. This is because in each society there are functions of what women and men of that society are expected to do in their adult life. Since gender roles are formed through socialization, children are socialized to internalize these roles; girls and boys are prepared for their different but specific roles. Gender roles can be defined as the roles that are played by both women and men which are not determined by biological factors but by the socio-economic and cultural environment or situation. Men and women are also characterized by different roles which mean that men take the lead in productive activities, and women in reproductive activities, where the latter include the reproduction of the family and even of society itself. Obviously, women and men’s roles and responsibilities are separate but they complement one another. UNDP (1995) opined that gender is an economic issue as well as a social issue, in fact more so in Africa than in any other Region and that both men and women play substantial economic roles, notably in Agriculture and in the
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